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1.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(3): 256-265, July-Sept. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528466

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Critical illness is a major ongoing health care burden worldwide and is associated with high mortality rates. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have consistently shown benefits in cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in acute illness have not been properly investigated. Methods: DEFENDER is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, open-label trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in 500 adult participants with acute organ dysfunction who are hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Eligible participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive dapagliflozin 10mg plus standard of care for up to 14 days or standard of care alone. The primary outcome is a hierarchical composite of hospital mortality, initiation of kidney replacement therapy, and intensive care unit length of stay, up to 28 days. Safety will be strictly monitored throughout the study. Conclusion: DEFENDER is the first study designed to investigate the use of a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor in general intensive care unit patients with acute organ dysfunction. It will provide relevant information on the use of drugs of this promising class in critically ill patients. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT05558098


RESUMO Antecedentes: A doença crítica é um importante ônus permanente da assistência médica em todo o mundo e está associada a altas taxas de mortalidade. Os inibidores do cotransportador de sódio-glicose do tipo 2 têm demonstrado consistentemente benefícios nos desfechos cardiovasculares e renais. Os efeitos dos inibidores do cotransportador de sódio-glicose do tipo 2 em doenças agudas ainda não foram devidamente investigados. Métodos: O DEFENDER é um estudo de iniciativa do investigador, multicêntrico, randomizado, aberto, desenhado para avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da dapagliflozina em 500 participantes adultos com disfunção orgânica aguda hospitalizados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Os participantes aptos serão randomizados 1:1 para receber 10mg de dapagliflozina e o tratamento padrão por até 14 dias ou apenas o tratamento padrão. O desfecho primário é um composto hierárquico de mortalidade hospitalar, início de terapia renal substitutiva e tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva, até 28 dias. O monitoramento da segurança será rigoroso durante todo o estudo. Conclusão: O DEFENDER é o primeiro estudo desenvolvido para investigar o uso de um inibidor do cotransportador de sódio-glicose do tipo 2 em pacientes de unidade de terapia intensiva geral com disfunção orgânica aguda. O estudo fornecerá informações relevantes sobre o uso de medicamentos dessa classe promissora em pacientes críticos. Registro ClincalTrials.gov: NCT05558098

2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 21: eAO0119, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514108

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective The incidence of thrombotic events and acute kidney injury is high in critically ill patients with COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate and compare the coagulation profiles of patients with COVID-19 developing acute kidney injury versus those who did not, during their intensive care unit stay. Methods Conventional coagulation and platelet function tests, fibrinolysis, endogenous inhibitors of coagulation tests, and rotational thromboelastometry were conducted on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 following intensive care unit admission. Results Out of 30 patients included, 13 (43.4%) met the criteria for acute kidney injury. Comparing both groups, patients with acute kidney injury were older: 73 (60-84) versus 54 (47-64) years, p=0.027, and had a lower baseline glomerular filtration rate: 70 (51-81) versus 93 (83-106) mL/min/1.73m2, p=0.004. On day 1, D-dimer and fibrinogen levels were elevated but similar between groups: 1780 (1319-5517) versus 1794 (726-2324) ng/mL, p=0.145 and 608 (550-700) versus 642 (469-722) g/dL, p=0.95, respectively. Rotational thromboelastometry data were also similar between groups. However, antithrombin activity and protein C levels were lower in patients who developed acute kidney injury: 82 (75-92) versus 98 (90-116), p=0.028 and 70 (52-82) versus 88 (78-101) µ/mL, p=0.038, respectively. Mean protein C levels were lower in the group with acute kidney injury across multiple time points during their stay in the intensive care unit. Conclusion Critically ill patients experiencing acute kidney injury exhibited lower endogenous anticoagulant levels. Further studies are needed to understand the role of natural anticoagulants in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury within this population.

4.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 6(4): 219-222, oct.-dec. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670612

ABSTRACT

Over the last 30 years, a variety of studies reporting the effects of vitamin A on memory havebeen published. Objective: To perform a rigorous systematic review of the literature on vitamin A and memory in order toorganize evidence-based data on the subject. Methods: Four authors carried out the systematic review in accordance withstrict guidelines. The terms ?vitamin A? OR ?retinol? OR ?retinoic acid? AND ?memory? OR ?cognition? OR ?Alzheimer? weresearched in virtually all medical research databases. Results: From 236 studies containing the key words, 44 were selectedfor this review, numbering 10 reviews and 34 original articles. Most studies used animal models for studying vitamin Aand cognition. Birds, mice and rats were more frequently employed whereas human studies accounted for only two reportson brain tissue from autopsies and one on the role of isotretinoin in cognition among individuals taking this medicationto treat acne. Conclusion: Vitamin A may be an important and viable complement in the treatment and prevention ofAlzheimer?s disease. Clinical trials are imperative and, at present, there is no evidence-based data to recommend vitaminA supplementation for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer?s disease.


Uma variedade de artigos relatando efeitos da vitamina A na memória foram publicados nos últimos30 anos. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática rigorosa da literatura sobre vitamina A e memória, visando organizar osdados com base em evidência. Métodos: Quatro autores realizaram a revisão sistemática de acordo com recomendaçõesespecíficas para tal. Os termos ?vitamin A? OR ?retinol? OR ?retinoic acid? AND ?memory? OR ?cognition? OR ?Alzheimer?foram utilizados na pesquisa de praticamente todas as bases de dados de publicações médicas. Resultados: Dos 236artigos contendo as palavras específicas de busca, 44 foram selecionados para esta revisão, sendo10 revisões e 34 artigosoriginais. A maioria dos estudos utilizou modelos animais para avaliar vitamina A e cognição. Pássaros, camundongos e ratosforam mais frequentemente utilizados, enquanto estudos com humanos foram apenas dois relatando dados de necrópsia decérebro humano e um sobre o papel da isotretinoína na cognição de indivíduos que estavam usando esta medicação paratratar acne. Conclusão: Vitamina A pode ser um complemento importante e viável no tratamento e prevenção da doença deAlzheimer. Estudos clínicos são imperativos e, no momento, não existe evidência científica que recomende suplementaçãode vitamina A na prevenção ou tratamento da doença de Alzheimer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tretinoin , Vitamin A , Cognition , Alzheimer Disease , Memory
5.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 78(1): 57-61, jan.-fev. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-616937

ABSTRACT

A paratireoidectomia acidental é um acontecimento frequente nas tireoidectomias. A literatura demonstra um achado de glândulas paratireoides, variando entre 6,4 por cento a 31 por cento em espécimes de exame anatomopatológico de glândula tireoide. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a quantidade de glândulas paratireoides encontradas em espécimes cirúrgicos de tireoidectomia e correlacionar com as variáveis demográficas e histopatológicas. MÉTODOS: Trabalho retrospectivo baseado nos laudos anatomopatológicos de tireoidectomias realizadas entre janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2008. RESULTADOS: O total de pacientes tireoidectomizados foi de 442, sendo o achado de glândulas paratireoides de 2,93 por cento, o que corresponde a 13 deste total. A presença de carcinoma papilífero de tireoide associado à paratireoidectomia acidental foi de 10,11 por cento contra a presença de patologia benigna de 1,4 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: O carcinoma papilífero de tireoide foi a variável associada ao maior número de paratireoidectomias acidentais.


Incidental parathyroidectomy is a common event in thyroid surgery. The literature shows a finding of parathyroid glands ranging from 6.4 percent to 31 percent in pathological specimens of the thyroid gland. OBJECTIVE: To collect the amount of parathyroid glands found in surgical specimens of thyroidectomy and correlate with the histopathological and demographic variables. METHODS: Retrospective study based on pathological reports of thyroidectomy from January 2007 to December 2008. RESULTS: 442 patients were submitted to total thyroidectomy, and 2.93 percent had parathyroid glands, which corresponded to 13 of this total. The presence of papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with incidental parathyroidectomy was 10.11 percent, compared to the benign lesion: 1.4 percent. CONCLUSION: Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the variable associated with increased number of incidental parathyroidectomy.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Parathyroidectomy/statistics & numerical data , Thyroid Diseases/surgery , Thyroidectomy/adverse effects , Medical Errors/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
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